MONTH : NOVEMBER 2024

Questions that Founders Should Ask Investors in Their First Meeting

The first meeting with a venture capitalist (VC) is not just an interview where the VC evaluates your startup; it’s also your opportunity to assess the VC as a potential partner. Choosing the right investor can significantly impact your company’s growth, culture, and long-term success. To make the most of the first meeting, founders should ask pointed and thoughtful questions that reveal the investor’s expertise, expectations, and alignment with their vision.

Here are the key questions founders should consider asking during their first meeting with a VC:

1. What is your investment thesis?

Understanding the VC’s focus area is crucial. Do they specialize in early-stage startups, specific sectors, or business models? Knowing this helps you determine if your startup fits within their investment criteria.

Rationale: This ensures no one’s wasting time on misaligned interests & also the potential connects the VC can make for you basis the area of focus

 

2. What does your ideal founder-investor relationship look like?

This question helps you gauge the level of involvement the VC prefers—whether they’re hands-on, providing operational guidance, or hands-off, offering financial backing with minimal oversight.

Rationale: It clarifies expectations and ensures you’re on the same page regarding decision-making and collaboration. It also gives you a chance to share what you’re looking to gain from your Investors.

 

3. Can you share examples of how you’ve supported portfolio companies?

Asking for real examples highlights the VC’s ability to add value beyond capital, such as through mentorship, network introductions, or strategic advice.

Rationale: It separates passive investors from active partners who can contribute to your success.

 

4. How do you handle challenges or disagreements with founders?

Conflict is inevitable in any business relationship. This question sheds light on how the VC navigates tough conversations and supports founders during difficult times.

Rationale: It reveals their approach to problem-solving and their ability to build trust during challenging periods.

 

5. What is your typical check size and follow-on investment strategy?

Understanding the financial scope and commitment of the VC is essential for planning your fundraising strategy and future rounds.

Rationale: It helps you determine whether the investor can meet your funding needs throughout your growth journey.

 

 

6. How long does your decision-making process usually take?

Venture fundraising is time-sensitive, and this question helps you align your timeline with the investor’s process.

Rationale: It manages expectations and avoids prolonged uncertainties.

 

7. What metrics or milestones matter most to you?

Different VCs focus on different performance indicators. Learning their priorities can help you align your goals with their expectations.

Rationale: It provides insight into their evaluation criteria and informs your growth strategy.

 

8. What do you see as the biggest risks for my business?

This question encourages VCs to share their perspective on potential pitfalls, offering valuable feedback and demonstrating your openness to constructive criticism.

Rationale: It gives you an external perspective on your business and potential weaknesses to address.

 

9. How do you support companies during downturns or tough markets?

Economic challenges are a reality for all startups. This question helps you assess whether the investor will stand by you in times of crisis.

Rationale: It ensures they’re committed to the long-term success of their portfolio companies.

 

10. Can I speak with founders of companies you’ve invested in?

References from other founders can provide a clear picture of what it’s like to work with the VC, their strengths, and their areas for improvement.

Rationale: It ensures transparency and helps validate their claims.

 

Final Thoughts

The relationship between a founder and a VC is a partnership built on trust & alignment. By asking thoughtful questions in your first meeting, you can ensure that the investor is not just a source of funding but a strategic ally in your journey. The right investor will appreciate your diligence and view it as a sign of a founder who is serious about their business.

What other questions would you add to this list? Share your thoughts!

 

 

A Guide to ESOPs for Startups

What are ESOPs?

ESOPs are contracts granting employees the right to buy a set number of company shares at a predetermined price (usually lower than the market price), typically after a vesting period. They align employee incentives with company success, making employees partial owners of the company’s outcomes.

 

Why are ESOPs Important?

  1. Attraction & Retention: Startups often can’t match the salaries offered by larger firms. ESOPs bridge this gap by offering high-growth potential rewards.
  2. Alignment of Interests: Employees are more likely to work towards the company’s long-term success if they stand to benefit directly from it.
  3. Cash Flow Flexibility: ESOPs reduce upfront cash outflows by offsetting salary requirements with future potential gains.

 

 

Types of ESOPs 

Employees Stock Option Schemes (ESOS)

ESOS is the most common employee ownership plan, and under this scheme, employees can buy stocks at a given price after the vesting period. This plan doesn’t obligate the employees to invest in the company’s stocks.

Employee Stock Purchase Plans (ESPP)

Under these plans, employees can buy the company stocks at a price lower than the market value. The plan terms including price, vesting period, etc. are predetermined. Once the employee exercises their ESOPs, they become the company’s shareholder.

Restricted Stock Award (RSA)

In this scheme, employees are awarded a certain number of shares subject to the fulfillment of specified conditions. If, however, the condition is not met, the awarded stock is forfeited. What sets this scheme apart from the others is that the employee becomes the stock owner right from the time it is awarded.

Restricted Stock Unit (RSU)

This scheme works similarly to RSA. The only difference is that the employee does not become a stock owner unless the specified condition is fulfilled and the stock is actually issued to him.

Phantom Equity Plan 

With these schemes, employees receive notional shares of the company at a set rate. The company records the grant or exercise price, but the employee does not pay this amount. On the vesting date, the employee gets the profit they would earn from exercising the shares. So, although the employee does not own the shares, they make a profit from the theoretical purchase of shares at a lower price.

 

Essential Components of an ESOP Plan

  1. Vesting Schedule: Determines when employees earn the right to exercise their stock options.
    • Standard: 4 years with a 1-year cliff (no vesting in the first year, followed by monthly or quarterly vesting thereafter).
    • Alternatives: Tailored schedules based on company needs.
  2. Strike Price: The price at which employees can buy shares. This is usually set at fair market value (FMV) at the time of granting.
  3. Exercise Period: The window after leaving the company during which employees can exercise their options, often ranging from 3 months to 10 years.
  4. ESOP Pool Size: Typically 5-15% of total equity is allocated for ESOPs, but this varies based on company stage and growth plans.
  5. Tax Implications:
    • Employees may face taxes at the time of exercising and/or selling the shares.
    • Startups must educate employees about these implications upfront.

 

Best Practices for Structuring and Managing ESOPs

  1. Be Transparent: Communicate clearly how the ESOP works, its value, and its terms. Employees should understand vesting, strike prices, and potential dilution.
  2. Periodic Revaluation: Update the FMV of the company regularly to ensure ESOP grants remain fair and compliant.
  3. Set Realistic Expectations: Avoid overselling the potential value of ESOPs to employees, especially in volatile or high-risk markets.
  4. Build Flexibility: Provide extended exercise periods to departing employees, especially those who leave on good terms, to reduce the financial strain of exercising.
  5. Regular Communication: Hold workshops or Q&A sessions to educate employees on ESOPs and their potential long-term benefits.

 

Pitfalls to Avoid

  1. Over-Allocating Equity: An ESOP pool that’s too large dilutes founders and existing investors, potentially deterring future investment.
  2. Unclear Documentation: Ambiguities in ESOP agreements can lead to employee dissatisfaction or legal challenges.
  3. Ignoring Tax Efficiency: Poor planning can burden employees with hefty tax bills, negating the benefits of ESOPs.
  4. Lack of Liquidity: Employees may grow frustrated if they can’t realize the value of their options due to a lack of an exit or secondary sale opportunities.

 

Conclusion

ESOPs are more than just a compensation strategy—they're a commitment to employee partnership. Structuring ESOPs requires balancing incentivizing employees and safeguarding equity for future growth. Transparency, education, and tax-aware planning are non-negotiables for success.

When managed well, Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) can help your startup succeed by making employees feel like partners in your vision. With good practices in place, your team won’t just work for your startup—they’ll act as owners.

Using the Six Thinking Hats Approach for Startup Evaluation

Physician, psychologist, and author Edward de Bono conceived of the Six Thinking Hats and describes how it works in his 1985 book of the same name. In this exercise, participants “put on” six different metaphorical hats that each represent a certain type of thinking.

In startup investing, evaluating a business is often complex, requiring a structured approach to capture all facets of a venture's potential. The Six Thinking Hats method offers a useful way to analyze a startup from different angles. By considering six perspectives, investors can gain insights, spot risks, and connect better with founders. Here’s how to use the Six Thinking Hats for startup evaluation. Here’s how to use the Six Thinking Hats for startup evaluation.

1. White Hat - Objective Data and Facts

  • What it covers: This is the “data-driven” hat that focuses on facts, figures, and data without judgment or interpretation. Under the White Hat, investors should review the startup’s financials, market data, historical performance, and other hard metrics.

o   What are the key financial metrics?  Analyze revenue, profit margins, and cash flow numbers today and projections.

o   How big is the market? Look for data on market size, growth rates, and customer demographics.

o   What is the competitive landscape? Identify main competitors and their market share, strengths, and weaknesses.

2. Red Hat - Emotions and Instincts

  • What it covers: This hat represents intuition, gut feelings, and emotional responses. Here, investors consider their own subjective reactions to the team, the product, and the founder’s vision.

o   What is my gut feeling about the founder's passion and commitment? Reflect on the founder's enthusiasm and dedication to the project.

o   What emotional responses does this deal evoke in our investment team? Gather initial reactions from team members to gauge overall sentiment.

3. Black Hat - Risks and Critical Thinking

  • What it covers: The Black Hat is used for critical judgment, focusing on identifying potential weaknesses, risks, and downsides. This is essential for making informed decisions.

o   What are the potential risks associated with this investment? Identify operational, financial, or market-related risks.

o   Are there any weaknesses in the business model or execution plan? Critically assess any flaws or gaps in the proposed strategy.

 

o   What external factors could negatively impact this venture? Consider regulatory changes, economic downturns, or shifts in consumer behavior.

 

 

 

4. Yellow Hat - Optimism and Potential

  • What it covers: This hat encourages focusing on the startup’s positive aspects and potential for growth, profits, and impact. Here, the evaluator looks at best-case scenarios and upside opportunities.

o   In a blue-sky scenario, how big can this be? Assess whether the business is positioned to benefit from emerging trends.

o   What are the key strengths of this business opportunity? Highlight unique selling propositions and competitive advantages.

5. Green Hat - Creativity and Opportunities

  • What it covers: The Green Hat is for creative thinking and innovation. This perspective allows evaluators to explore new ideas, potential pivots, or growth opportunities.

o   How can we differentiate this venture from competitors? Discuss unique strategies that could set this business apart in the marketplace.

o   Are there alternative markets or customer segments to target? Identify potential new audiences that could be addressed.

6. Blue Hat - Process and Control

  • What it covers: This is the “managerial” hat, focusing on process, planning, and structure. It ensures that the other hats are used effectively and brings all perspectives together.

o   How will we summarize findings from each hat's perspective? Plan how to compile insights from all points raised above.

o   What are the next steps after this evaluation? Outline follow-up actions based on insights gained from the analysis.

 

Conclusion

Utilizing the Six Thinking Hats method enables investors to evaluate startups more effectively. This technique encourages a comprehensive examination of each startup by considering various perspectives, ultimately working to reduce bias. By applying each hat, investors can balance their optimism with caution, combining their intuition with data. This flexible framework uncovers important insights, clarifies decision-making, and improves collaboration with startup teams.

 

Resources:

https://www.debonogroup.com/services/core-programs/six-thinking-hats/

https://www.atlassian.com/blog/productivity/six-thinking-hats

 

 

What Do Investors Look for in Startups Building Apps?

Creating a successful app involves more than just technical skills; it also needs a strong plan, insight into users, and a business model that can handle competition. When investors look at startups focused on app development, they consider key factors that go beyond attractive designs and smooth user experiences. Here’s a look at what investors, especially VCs, seek when evaluating app-based startups.

 

1. Problem-Solution Fit:

Investors prioritize startups that address genuine user needs and solve clear, defined problems. Apps that fill a real gap in the market or offer a unique solution to a common pain point are much more appealing. Startups that can clearly articulate the problem they’re addressing and how their app solves it stand out.

Key questions investors may ask:

  • How significant is the problem you’re solving?
  • Why is your solution better than existing options?
  • Who is your target audience, and how big is this market?

2. User-Centric Design and Experience

A great app isn’t just functional; it’s also user-friendly. Apps that are built with an intuitive design, clear navigation, and an experience that keeps users engaged, tends to have an edge as they offer a frictionless experience & high retention rates.

Considerations for user experience:

  • Is the app design intuitive and visually appealing?
  • How much time do users spend on the app, and how often do they return?
  • Are there barriers or pain points in the user flow?

3. Traction and Key Metrics

Metrics are a critical component of any app startup evaluation. Investors look for evidence that the startup is gaining traction, as indicated by KPIs like user acquisition, engagement, retention, and lifetime value (LTV) per user. These metrics show how well the app connects with its audience and its potential for growth.

Metrics investors focus on include:

 

  • MAU/DAU (Monthly/Daily Active Users) – Indicates how often users return to the app.
  • Retention Rate – Shows whether the app’s user base is stable or churning.
  • CAC vs. LTV – A favorable Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC) to Lifetime Value (LTV) ratio indicates a healthy business model.

 

Source: https://www.andromo.com/blog/mobile-app-metrics/

 

4. Revenue Model and Scalability

A clear revenue model—whether it’s through ads, in-app purchases, subscriptions, or freemium models—is essential.

Revenue models for apps may include:

  • Freemium to Premium Upgrades – Offering a free version with an option to upgrade to a premium version.
  • Subscription-Based Services – Especially common in content-driven or utility apps.
  • In-App Purchases or Advertising – Common in gaming and entertainment apps.

5. Competitive Advantage

The app market is incredibly competitive. Investors look for startups with a distinct competitive advantage that can defend against rivals. This could be a proprietary technology, a unique approach to the problem, or even a niche focus that larger competitors overlook.

Competitive advantage can be derived from:

  • Network Effects – Apps that become more valuable as more users join (e.g., social media platforms).
  • Proprietary Technology – Patents or unique algorithms.
  • Brand Loyalty – A strong, loyal user base that advocates for the app.

6. Market Potential

Investors are more likely to back startups operating in growing or underserved markets. They assess the market size, growth potential, and industry trends that could affect the startup’s success.

Considerations for market potential include:

  • How large and accessible is the target market?
  • Are there favorable industry trends supporting growth?
  • How much competition exists within this market?

7. Team Strength and Vision

Investors look for founders with industry expertise, a strong vision, and a track record of execution. Startups with technical and business-oriented team members who work well together signal a balanced and adaptable organization.

Investors evaluate teams on factors like:

  • Technical Expertise – Particularly important for app-based startups.
  • Industry Experience – Understanding the market nuances.
  • Alignment and Vision – A clear, aligned vision for the startup’s future.

8. Feedback and Adaptability

The best app-based startups are agile and willing to learn from user feedback and adapt accordingly. This flexibility is crucial in an industry where user preferences and technology change rapidly.

Feedback loops investors may assess include:

  • Regular updates or feature additions based on user suggestions.
  • A robust roadmap for addressing bugs and optimizing features.
  • The startup’s response to competitor moves or market shifts.

9. Customer Retention and Loyalty

High churn rates can be a red flag for investors, indicating potential issues with user experience or value. Investors favor startups with strategies for retaining users over the long term and fostering loyalty.

Retention strategies that appeal to investors:

  • Incentives for repeat engagement, such as rewards or achievements.
  • Community-building features, like forums or social integrations.
  • Data-driven retention strategies that leverage analytics to keep users engaged.

 

Wrapping Up

Evaluating an app-based startup is about much more than a sleek interface or cool features. Investors look for a well-rounded mix of a strong team, clear market opportunity, proven traction, and the ability to scale. For startups, understanding and addressing these areas increases the chances of securing investment and, ultimately, building an app that users love.

 

Additional Resources:

https://designli.co/blog/is-my-app-idea-any-good-x-steps-to-validate-your-app-idea/

https://www.spaceotechnologies.com/blog/how-to-pitch-an-app-idea/

https://vc-mapping.gilion.com/venture-capital-firms/app-investors 

https://growthlist.co/mobile-app-startups/

Post

Recent Posts